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Notice that in the above example, string values within the table need to be enclosed in quotes. Note that a single JS function is sufficient to transform a given JSON object into a completely new one, and you can use complex conditional logic if needed. You can easily get the value of the current environment or profile, and then set up global variables using some simple JavaScript. # behind the scenes, it could be creating (or over-writing) a bunch of variables ! And each element of the returned array will be the envelope of variables that resulted from each iteration where the *.feature got invoked. . Why is there a voltage on my HDMI and coaxial cables? Just like yaml, you may occasionally need to convert a string which happens to be in CSV form into JSON, and this can be done via the csv keyword. When using call (or callonce), only one argument is allowed. The classpath is a Java concept and is where some configuration files such as the one for logging are expected to be by default. Changing request body in test script. Here below is an example jbang script that uses the Karate Java API to do some useful work. Refer to this demo feature for an example: kitten-create.feature. Here below are a few more common examples: The first three are good enough for random string generation for most situations. To make dynamic data-driven testing easier, the following keywords also exist: params, headers, cookies and form fields. Tag starts with "@". How do you pass special characters in karate URL? # the step that immediately follows the above would typically be: * def putOrPost = (someVariable == 'dev' ? """, # use dynamic path expressions to mutate json, * def filename = zone == 'zone1' ? We just need to follow the Karate DSL syntax. karate.appendTo(keys, x); karate.set('temp', squares); Step 2: Add feature and scenario description. This is exactly like match == but the order of arrays does not matter. How to save karate.prevrequest between feature files? Then we can send the JSON variable to the other feature file using the call method and be sending the JSON variable, in this case, emailAddress. A very useful behavior when you combine the optional marker with an embedded expression is as follows: if the embedded expression evaluates to null - the JSON key (or XML element or attribute) will be deleted from the payload (the equivalent of remove). For convenience, you can have multiple expressions separated by commas, so this is the recommended pattern: Similar to assert, the expressions on the right-hand-side of a print have to be valid JavaScript. But there are cases where you need to take custom actions like saving a response to a file, file reading or writing, etc. object.name. For JUnit 5 you can omit the public modifier for the class and method, and there are some changes to import package names. You could use it for hard-coded absolute paths in dev mode, but is obviously not recommended for CI test-suites. 1 How to run a specific feature file in Karate? Allowed keystore types are as described in the, if all server certificates should be considered trusted. A very rare need is to be able to convert a string which happens to be in YAML form into JSON, and this can be done via the yaml type cast keyword. Do note that if you choose the Java API, you will naturally lose some of the test-automation framework benefits such as HTML reports, parallel execution and JavaScript / configuration. You can find a lot more references, tutorials and blog-posts in the wiki. "c": 3 IMPORTANT: There are some restrictions when using callonce or karate.callSingle() especially within karate-config.js. } And a very common need would be to use a file as the request body: The rarely used file: prefix is also supported. 10 How to call custom Java code in karate API tests? An advanced option is where the scenario expression returns a JavaScript generator function. Karate is built on top of Cucumber, another BDD testing framework, and shares some of the same concepts. Also note that multipart file takes a JSON argument so that you can easily set the filename and the contentType (mime-type) in one step. This does require you to move set-up into a separate *.feature (or JavaScript) file. Here is an example JavaScript function that uses some variables in the context (which have been possibly set as the result of a sign-in) to build the Authorization header. Refer to your IDE documentation for how to run a JUnit class. If you place it above the Feature keyword, it will apply to all Scenario-s. And if you just want one or two Scenario-s to NOT run in parallel, you can place this tag above only those Scenario-s. See example. It is the opinion of the author of Karate that true BDD is un-necessary over-kill for API testing, and this is explained more in this answer on Stack Overflow. When I switch environments (passing in -Dkarate.env=qual as part of the run command) then baseUrl is set correctly. If the second HTTP call above expects headers to be set by my-headers.js - which in turn depends on the authToken variable being updated, you will need to duplicate the line * configure headers = read('classpath:my-headers.js') from the caller feature here as well. You can use karate.abort() like so: Using karate.abort() will not fail the test. Can Martian regolith be easily melted with microwaves? Since the karate object is injected within karate-config.js on start-up, it is a simple and effective way for other processes within the same JVM to pass configuration values to Karate at run-time. Passing data from one feature file to another is very common requirement when it comes to automation. Karate provides its own DSL (Domain Specific Language), which uses a Gherkin-like language enabling one to write tests without programming knowledge, and write tests in .feature files. JSON can be combined with the ability to call other *.feature files to achieve dynamic data-driven testing in Karate. Run Cucumber Test from Maven Command Line - QA Automation Expert For a call (or callonce) - payload / data structures (JSON, XML, Map-like or List-like) variables are passed by reference which means that steps within the called feature can update or mutate them, for e.g. *.js, *.json, *.txt) as well and it is much more convenient to see the *.java and *.feature files and all related artifacts in the same place. For JSON and XML files, Karate will evaluate any embedded expressions on load. Create a new job using the +Add new job link. To do that, add the following: And then the above command in Gradle would look like: The recommended way to define and run test-suites and reporting in Karate is to use the parallel runner, described in the next section. Here are the configuration keys supported: If you need to set any of these globally you can easily do so using the karate object in karate-config.js - for e.g: In rare cases where you need to add nested non-JSON data to the configure value, you have to play by the rules that apply within karate-config.js. How to call one scenario from another scenario in Karate API Automation }, Run Gradle Cucumber Tests from Command Line - QA Automation Expert How to run a single scenario in Karate? - Stack Overflow This is so that you can mix expressions into text replacements as shown below. Now, run the TestRunner and observe that you would not find all the verbose logs in console which you were getting before and rather it would be saved in a file karate.log under target folder . To signal the end of the data, just return null. The first four below are best explained in this example file: type-conv.feature. In some rare cases, for e.g. Normally in dev mode, you will use your IDE to run a *.feature file directly or via the companion runner JUnit Java class. Standard JavaScript syntax rules apply, but the right-hand-side should begin with the function keyword if declared in-line. [{ This is very useful to boil-down those common steps that you may have to perform at the start of multiple test-scripts - into one-liners. Only recommended for advanced users, but this guarantees a routine is run only once, even when running tests in parallel. The above example can be made more simpler with the use of call (or callonce) without a def-assignment to a variable, and is the recommended pattern for implementing re-usable authentication setup flows. It also details how a third-party library can be easily used to generate some very nice-looking reports, from the JSON output of the parallel runner. So the above could be re-written as follows: It is worth repeating that the above can be condensed into 2 lines. You can lock down the fact that you only want to execute the single JUnit class that functions as a test-suite - by using the following maven-surefire-plugin configuration: Note how the karate.options can be specified using the configuration. Here is a summary: Note that for the afterFeature hook to work, you should be using the Runner API and not the JUnit runner. So if you tried to re-use the same feature but with multiple arguments, things will not work as you expect. You should see the Karate: Run | Karate: Debug code lense on top of the feature and every scenario. There should always be karate-config.js in the root folder, even if you dont have any common config. For example you can get a nice feature coverage report, provided you have a rich set of tags. Another example is dogs.feature - which actually makes JDBC (database) calls, and since the data returned from the Java code is JSON, the last section of the test is able to use match very effectively for data assertions. function(x, y, i) { And since you can easily extend Karate using JavaScript, there is no need to compile Java code any more. The tests eecutes fine if i use maven command or run from runner file( .java). Response Validation a. status 200 : It will check the status code coming back from the service is 200 b. print Response is: , response : This line of code will print the response from the service in the console. Karate report & karate log to have scenario name with test data. each feature opens a new scope without which karate would break in all kinds of ways. The results of the first call are cached, and any future calls will simply return the cached result instead of executing the JavaScript function (or feature) again and again. The approach in this section is more suited for troubleshooting in dev-mode, using your IDE. You can always use a JavaScript function or call Java for more complex logic. political education physics Conditionally making a test fail is easy with karate.fail(). EDIT: Karate now supports being able to use a line-number, for e.g. Reading files is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read(). This can be achieved using karate.callSingle(). A few more useful transforms are to select a sub-set of key-value pairs using karate.filterKeys(), merging 2 or more JSON-s using karate.merge() and combining 2 or more arrays (or objects) into a single array using karate.append(). And match (name) contains is how you can do so: Note that match contains will not recurse any nested JSON chunks so use match contains deep instead. The short cut $variableName form is also supported. The name of the class doesnt matter, and it will automatically run any *.feature file in the same package. The extension of the feature file is " .feature ". Step 4: Run this feature file and get the report in target > karate-reports > karate-summary.html. A feature file is usually a common file which stores feature, scenarios, and feature description to be tested. Here is how you can pass data from one feature file another. Run Karate Test. GET Method: Step 1: Create a feature file under src/test/java folder. 1. Singapore | Facts, Geography, History, & Points of Interest did the function invocation return a map-like (or JSON) object ? Important: If you attempt to build a URL in the form ?myparam=value by using path the ? Selecting Features/Scenarios at run time based on external data Refer to the section on JsonPath short-cuts for a deeper understanding of named JsonPath expressions in Karate. In some rare cases you need to exit a Scenario based on some condition. 1. ] You can skip this section and jump straight to the Syntax Guide if you are in a hurry to get started with Karate. The demo also features code-coverage using Jacoco, and some tips for even non-Java back-ends. name,type How to call a feature file from another feature file in karate You cant do things such as * url 'http://foo.bar' and expect the URL to be set in the called feature. some.feature:42 so it will invoke only the Scenario or outline Example on line 42 - this is designed only for IDE-s and developer mode, use a tag for maintainability. Use a variable in the called feature instead, for e.g. But you can suffix a ?name to the feature to de-dupe it, like so: Now adminResponse and userResponse will be different, even though the same feature file is being used for a callSingle(). Conditional logic is not recommended especially within test scripts because tests should be deterministic. You can easily do this via karate.set('someVarName', value). The solution is to ensure that when Karate tests run, the JVM file.encoding is set to UTF-8. Because of how easy it is to set HTTP headers, Karate does not provide any special keywords for things like the Accept header. Karate with Gatling - Knoldus Blogs This is just to reduce confusion for users new to Karate who tend to do * def request = {} and expect the request body or similarly, the url to be set. If you find yourself juggling multiple tags with logical AND and OR complexity, refer to this Stack Overflow answer. For those who use Gradle, this sample build.gradle provides a gatlingRun task that executes the Gatling test of the karate-netty project . Multi-value headers (though rarely used in the wild) are also supported: Also look at the headers keyword which uses JSON and makes some kinds of dynamic data-driven testing easier. var jd = new JavaDemo(); And if you have a Scenario Outline, this happens for every row in the Examples. Valid options are, Resemble option to ignore a specific color, Resemble option to override preset tolerances for color and brightness, SSIM grayscale algorithm. JSON arrays), see. And such re-use makes it easier to re-factor tests when needed, which is great for maintainability. How to configure karate to stop execution when any scenario fails? var date = new java.util.Date(); ZenWave Karate IDE - Visual Studio Marketplace The examples above are simple, but a variety of expression shapes are supported on the right hand side of the = symbol. Note that #present and #notpresent only make sense when you are matching within a JSON or XML context or using a JsonPath or XPath on the left-hand-side. Note the inline use of the read function as a short-cut above. But again, you can return a JSON object. Karate has a set of Java API-s that expose the HTTP, JSON, data-assertion and UI automation capabilities. All the fuzzy matching markers will work in XML as well. an initial 'sign-in' that retrieves some secure tokens, every subsequent. Format of the keyStore file. You can find more examples here: xml.feature. You can optionally pass in variable values or over-ride config via a HashMap or leave the second-last argument as null. Here below is an example that also demonstrates using the multipart/related content-type. This example actually calls into existing Java code, and being able to do this opens up a whole lot of possibilities. Click on Run the Workflow and Start. A set of real-life examples can be found here: Karate Demos. var squares = []; A header row is always expected. Note how even tags to exclude (or include) can be specified: Note that any Feature or Scenario with the special @ignore tag will be skipped by default. * url myUrl. Since paths are expected at the end of the command-line options - if you want to only over-ride tags, use the = sign to make argument values clear. The karate-demo has an example showing various ways to configure or set headers: headers.feature. Heres how it works: Here is a contrived example that uses match each, contains and the #? Finally, using karate.response.header(name) can be simpler to just get a header value string by name, and it will ignore-case for the name passed as the argument: You would normally only need to use the status keyword. $ represents the response. Note that def will over-write any variable that was using the same name earlier. subType: { name: 'Smith', deleted: false } REST testing based on Karate framework - JazzTeam Instead you would typically use the match keyword, that is designed for performing powerful assertions against JSON and XML response payloads. } This is what is normally expected and simulates a web-browser - which makes it easy to script things like HTML-form based authentication into test-flows. Karate was based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards. Until now, I have shown you run your test cases directly on feature files. } classpath:, this:, file:) or byte arrays: You may configure the following image comparison options using the configure action: Image comparison engines can also be customized: Best practice is to stick to using only def unless there is a very good reason to do otherwise. REST-style path parameters. It is like defining variables in any programming language. path to file containing public and private keys for your client certificate. Since replace auto-converts the result to a string, make sure you perform type conversion back to JSON (or XML) if applicable. So you can do things like this: * def name = name + __loop - or you can use the loop index value for looking up other values that may be in scope - in a data-driven style. This is typically combined with multipart file as shown below. And you can perform conditional / cross-field validations and even business-logic validations at the same time. In such cases it might be desirable to have your tests using karate.logger.debug('your additional info') instead of the print keyword so you can keep logs in your pipeline in INFO. In the case of the call of a JavaScript function, you can also pass a JSON array or a primitive (string, number, boolean) as the solitary argument, and the function implementation is expected to handle whatever is passed. Typically right-clicking on the file in the project browser or even within the editor view would bring up the Run as JUnit Test menu option. Refer to the section on XPath Functions for examples of advanced XPath usage. Cucumber has a concept of Scenario Outlines where you can re-use a set of data-driven steps and assertions, and the data can be declared in a very user-friendly fashion. isValidTime(_)' * header Authorization = call read('basic-auth.js') { username, # just perform an action, we don't care about saving the result, # do something only if a condition is true, # you can use multiple lines of JavaScript if needed, """ Also referred to as mutual auth - if your API requires that clients present an X509 certificate for authentication, Karate supports this via JSON as the configure ssl value. You could always do this in two steps: As a convenience, embedded expressions are supported on the Right Hand Side of a match statement even for quoted string literals: And do note that in Karate 1.0 onwards, ES6 string-interpolation within backticks is supported: An alternative to embedded expressions (for JSON only) is to enclose the entire payload within parentheses - which tells Karate to evaluate it as pure JavaScript. It is sometimes useful to be able to check if a key-value-pair does not exist. The responseCookies variable is set upon any HTTP response and is a map-like (or JSON-like) object. Can be expressions that will be evaluated. The static method com.intuit.karate.Runner.runFeature() is best explained in this demo unit-test: JavaApiTest.java. Annotate the test with the . The primary classes are described below. When asserting for expected values in JSON or XML, always prefer using match instead of assert. In rare cases you may want to suppress the default of Scenario-s executing in parallel and the special tag @parallel=false can be used. It so happens that the karate object has a field called properties which can read a Java system-property by name like this: karate.properties['myName']. The keywords def, set, match, request and eval take multi-line input as the last argument. The first argument to karate.callSingle() is used as the cache key. But take a look at how Karate can loop over a *.feature file for each object in a JSON array - which gives you dynamic data-driven testing, if you need it. Here is an example: Here above, you see the karate.log(), karate.env and karate.configure() helpers being used. Some characters such as the hyphen - are not permitted in lenient JSON keys (because they are interpreted by the JS engine as a minus sign). In typical frameworks it could mean changing multiple properties files, maven profiles and placeholders, and maybe even threading the value via a dependency-injection framework - before you can even access the value within your test. You can call send() on the returned object to send a message. Note how we unpack the kittens and use it to data drive the Scenario Outline. Allowed keystore types are as described in the. to customize rebase filename and/or output), Function to be called when displaying image comparison configuration in Karate HTML reports (e.g. Since it is internally implemented as a JavaScript function, you can mix calls to read() freely wherever JavaScript expressions are allowed: Tip: you can even use JS expressions to dynamically choose a file based on some condition: * def someConfig = read('my-config-' + someVariable + '.json'). You can also pass parameters into the *.feature file being called, and extract variables out of the invocation result. The following are some features of the Karate Testing Framework: Makes use of easy-to-understand Gherkins language. So now, complex payloads (that include arrays) can easily be validated in one step by combining validation markers like so: Especially note the re-use of the oddSchema both as an embedded-expression and as an array validation (on the last line). Refer to karate.tags and karate.tagValues. in just one extra line you can save the value of karate.prevRequest and pass it around. This is optional, and Karate will work without the logging config in place, but the default console logging may be too verbose for your needs. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. top: 483, Assuming the above code is in a file called my-headers.js, the next section on calling other feature files shows how it looks like in action at the beginning of a test script. The keywords Given When Then are only for decoration and should not be thought of as similar to an if - then - else statement. Karate creates a new context for the feature file being invoked but passes along all variables and configuration. If a few steps in your flow need to temporarily change (or completely bypass) the currently-set header-manipulation scheme, just update configure headers to a new value (or set it to null) in the middle of a script. Sending a file as the entire binary request body is easy (note that multipart is different): The HTTP verb - get, post, put, delete, patch, options, head, connect, trace. You usually wont need this, but the second-last line above shows how the karate object can be used to evaluate JsonPath if the filter expression depends on a variable. Assertions and HTML reports are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. Here is an example that combines the table keyword with calling a *.feature. In the rare case that you need to mutate a Map or List returned from Java but while still within a JS block, use karate.toJson() to convert. But there is an elegant way you can specify a default value using the karate.get() API: A word of caution: we recommend that you should not over-use Karates capability of being able to re-use features. Also take a look at how a special case of embedded-expressions can remove key-value pairs from a JSON (or XML) payload: Remove if Null. The default setting for the max retry-attempts is 3 with a poll interval of 3000 milliseconds (3 seconds). Look at multipart entity for an example. You can use karate.callSingle() in karate-config.js like this: It can take a second JSON argument following the same rules as call. For example look at how creator has been defined in the Background in this example, and used later in a call statement. And it is worth mentioning that the Karate configuration bootstrap routine is itself a JavaScript function. HTML form fields would be URL-encoded when the HTTP request is submitted (by the method step). Load testing. The JavaScript interpreter will try to convert types across Java and JavaScript as smartly as possible. You can also compare images using Karate path prefixes (e.g. id: '#regex[0-9]+', @smoke @module=one @module=two etc. While this sounds dangerous and should be used with care (and limits readability), the reason this feature exists is to quickly set (or over-write) a bunch of config variables when needed. OR: To run every feature that has either of the @F1 and @F2 tags (runs both) {@F1,@F2}, Combining OR and AND: To run feature that has either of @F1,@F2,@F3 tags but not @F4 tag. With the formalities out of the way, lets dive straight into the syntax. It is also possible to invoke a feature file via a Java API which can be useful in some test-automation situations. In the example below, note the use of the karate.get() helper for getting the value of a dynamic variable (which was not set at the time this JS function was declared). function (config, downloadLatestFn) { Like above, but force the SSL algorithm to one of, Whether the HTTP client automatically follows redirects - (default, Set the connect timeout (milliseconds). Before you consider the set keyword - note that for simple JSON update operations, you can use eval - especially useful when the path you are trying to mutate is dynamic. This is super-useful for re-use and data-driven tests. Ideally it should return pure JSON and note that you always get a deep clone of the cached result object. : * param myparam = 'value' or url: * url 'http://example.com/v1?myparam'. returns the last HTTP response as a JS object that enables advanced use-cases such as getting a header ignoring case: returns the last HTTP request as a JS object that enables advanced use-cases such as getting a header ignoring case: get metadata about the currently executing, sets the value of a variable (immediately), which may be needed in case any other routines (such as the, where the single argument is expected to be a, only needed when you need to conditionally build payload elements, especially XML.