Chakavian has 82% intelligibility of Kajkavian. As a native Russian speaker, I noticed that my understanding of Polish went from 20% to 70% in a matter of hours when watching a film in Polish with subtitles. Some say it is a part of Czech, but more likely it is a part of Polish like Silesian. Polish Ukrainian Mutually Intelligible? | Animals - YouTube She stated that Czech and Slovak are mutually intelligible and that the main differences between the two languages is that Slovak has somewhat of a Hungarian inflluence, and Czech has more of a German and Latin component. It is also said that West Slovak (Bratislava) cannot understand East Slovak, so Slovak may actually two different languages, but this is controversial. But despite similarities in grammar and vocabulary and almost identical alphabets, they differ sharply in many ways and are not mutually intelligible. Intelligibility between Balachka and Ukrainian is not known. Is Ukrainian more like . Are belarusian and russian mutually intelligible? BULGARIAN (transferred to the Latin script): algarskijat ezik e indoevropejski ezik ot grupata na junoslavjanskite ezici. All Rights Reserved. If the Torlaks can understand those languages it is because they have been hearing them! However, in recent years, there has also been quite a bit of bilingual learning. By the way, osnovnata (osnovna-ta) is related to the Czech word osnova (basis, outline). Bulgarian and Russian are close because the Ottoman rulers of Bulgaria would not allow printing in Bulgaria. The Mutually Intelligible Languages of 8 Popular World Languages 1. From the 1500s to 1900, a large corpus of Kajkavian literature was written. Mutual intelligibility among Slavic Languages | Antimoon Forum Linguistic distance is the relative degree of difference between languages or dialects. What languages are mutually intelligible with Russian? ENGLISH: Bulgarian language is an Indo-European language from the group of South-Slavic languages. Ukrainian and Belarusian are the closest languages, as together with Russian they form the East Slavic group of languages. The old Dniestrian/Galician speech is largely confined to rural areas. More properly, their speech is best seen as closer to Macedonian than to Bulgarian or Serbo-Croatian. In contrast, Filipovi is talking slowly, and although some words have a different stress than in Czech, I can identify them pretty well and hence listening to this guy is basically like reading a written text in Serbo-Croatian. Additionally, some Arabic speakers may be familiar with Egyptian Arabic through the media, so they may rely on this to bridge any language gaps. I think that nowadays people from Ni also dont understand that Serbian enough. Intelligibility data for Saris Slovak and Ukrainian is not known. Furthermore, there is a dialect continuum between Kajkavian and Chakavian as there is between Kajkavian and Slovenian, and lects with a dialect continuum between them are always separate languages. The fact that such process works is almost a definition of mutual intelligibility for me. [4], Some linguists use mutual intelligibility as a primary criterion for determining whether two speech varieties represent the same or different languages. Learning a language becomes fun and easy when you learn with movie trailers, music videos, news and inspiring talks. . It was formerly thought to be a Slovenian dialect, but some now think it is more properly a Kajkavian dialect. Even the most common, most simple words sound alien in spoken Bulgarian, VODA(WATER) is pronounced ,VODA . Shtokavian is simply the same Serbo-Croatian language that is also spoken in Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia. A Serbian native speaker felt that the percentages for South Slavic seemed to be accurate. Its often said that all Slavic languages are mutually intelligible with each other. 0%? Czech: 10% 15), Part II", "Intelligibility of standard German and Low German to speakers of Dutch", "Cross-Border Intelligibility on the Intelligibility of Low German among Speakers of Danish and Dutch", "Mutual intelligibility of Dutch-German cognates by humans and computers", "Morpho-syntax of mutual intelligibility in the Turkic languages of Central Asia - Surrey Morphology Group", "Kirundi language, alphabet and pronunciation", "Tokelauan Language Information & Resources", "Majlis Bahasa Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia (MABBIM)", "Indonesian-Malay mutual intelligibility? Spanish is also partially mutually intelligible with Italian, Sardinian and French, with respective lexical similarities of 82%, 76% and 75%. This blog post is available as a convenient and portable PDF that you People observing conversation between Cieszyn Silesian and Upper Silesian report that they have a hard time understanding each other. I believe PDF Mutual Intelligibility Among the Slavic Languages Not only that, but it is not even fully intelligible with the Eastern Slovak that it resembles most. I will tell you also this: Nevertheless, writing continues in various Kajkavian dialects which still retain some connection to the old literary language, although some of the lexicon and grammar are going out (Jembrigh 2014). Chakavian has a low mutual intelligibility with either, in part due to its large number of loanwords from Venetian. Look at this Polish girl: plenty of prepositions are used in a similar, if not identical, manner; to name an example, na is used in both Macedonian and Ni Torlak as a replacement for the Serbian genitive, in addition to its standard use as on(to) 10%? Many Ukrainian-speakers consider the language . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1n9KMawa-8 http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1284248981/last-1288620675/The+real+9-11+cover+up-+Political+hijacking++was+originally+aimed+at+Russia. Saris Slovak has 85% intelligibility of Polish. Still others (for example, Voegelin and Voegelin 1977) recognize just two main dialect groups: Eastern and Western Ukrainian. I put it to Google translator and I got this: But they are unaware of the fact that islander have a lot of latin but also old Croatian (Slavic) words instead of Turkish which are used by supossedly more Croatian tokavian speaker. Yet, it is closer to Russian that standard Ukrainian. Please listen and watch the movie Zona Zamfirova. Its historical development consists of four main periods. But then it is difficult. How can you mesure intelligibility by using one single person. These 4 main Polish dialects are: Greater Polish, which is spoken in the west of the country. How mutually intelligible are Czech and polish? | Latin D Spanish has varying degrees of mutual intelligibility with Galician, Portuguese, Catalan, Italian, Sardinian and French. This is also true of vocabulary and other aspects. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "ac933fc62d348b183dfc4516edf000ec" );document.getElementById("b83dbe3da2").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. In this week's Slavic languages comparison, we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. Anti-Ethnic Sentiments But when you see it, you are shocked that you can read it. Vitebsk, Belarus. IOW, I think there are two languages Czech and Slovak and I do not agree that they are the same language with two dialects. Macedonian and Bulgarian are fairly similar but they are not close to being fully mutually intelligible. Russian VS Ukrainian - How Different Are The Two - AutoLingual I got that figure from a Serb. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? I do hope that you understand the point. Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian have 10-15% oral intelligibility, however, there are Bulgarian dialects that are transitional with Torlak Serbian. Molise Croatian is a Croatian language spoken in a few towns in Italy, such as Acquaviva Collecroce and two other towns. Bulgarian is similar to Macedonian but with more different cyrillic. Most Macedonians already are able to speak Serbo-Croatian well. Both me and her had a much easier time following the Rusyn dialects than standard Ukrainian (although they were by no means completely comprehensible). Just one example: the letter g was eliminated in order to make the Ukrainian h correspond exactly with Russian g. I have read a book from Fraenkel/Kramer I believe or something similar, which said (according to some empiry) that Macedonians were easily switching to Serbian in comparison to Slovenes who stuck to their language in the time of Yugoslavia. Most of the Ukrainian speakers who do not speak Russian are in Canada at the moment. [5][6] In a similar vein, some claim that mutual intelligibility is, ideally at least, the primary criterion separating languages from dialects.[7]. December 2014. Polish is not intelligible with Kashubian, a language related to Polish spoken in the north of Poland. Not true about Czech / Slovak inteligibility. Its predecessor stage is known in Western academia as Ruthenian (14th to 17th centuries), in turn descended from what is referred to in modern linguistics as Old East Slavic (10th to 13th centuries). Or maybe you are just a gatekeeper. Often the two languages are genetically related, and they are likely to be similar to each other in grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, or other features. How close is Ukrainian language to Polish? Torlakians are often said to speak Bulgarian, but this is not exactly the case. They are native Kajkavian speakers and this is another proof that Kajkavian is actually Slovenian. Then she asked me to go do something useful, so this is all I can contribute with. Is Bulgarian Similar to Russian? A Side-by-Side Comparison After all, you can look at the study that I listed above and check the results of the written translation task (translation of 50 individual words), which illustrates the similarity of lexicons: Czechs best understand Slovak words (96,52%), then Polish (64,29%), then Bulgarian (57,00%), Croatian (55,38%) and Slovene (49,73%). Ponaszymu appears to lack full intelligibility with Czech. So they speak Macedonian to me and I speak Serbian to them, and we understand each other perfectly. I dont know about Macedonian (havent ever heard or read it) but it seems to be like in the middle between Serbian and Bulgarian (just like frisian is in the middle of dutch and english). Was he educated? We speak them too. Pure Silesian appears to be a dying language. Or they will say, Well, that is about 70% our language. If it is a dialect, they will say, That is really still our language. My take on it is right here. If speakers of one language have more exposure to its related language, theyre likely to pick up more of that language. most speakers of one language find it relatively easy to achieve some degree of understanding in the related language(s). "The Linguistic Innovation Emerging From Rohingya Refugees." The President outlines the role played by a former London public schoolboy, Omar Sheikh, in the kidnap and murder of Daniel Pearl, the Wall Street Journal reporter, in February 2002. It is very strange when some words are not understood, although the communication is possible. That is a particularly ugly version of nationalism brewing in your vicinity. Click here to get a copy. 25/01/23 | StarsInsider. Its vocabulary has lots of common words with all of Russian, Ukrainian, and Polish, so it's sort of mutually intelligible with all of them. Bulharsk jazyk je plurocentrick jazyk m nkolik kninch norem. I was surprised that they never live in Slovenia and they never learn Slovenian. Are polish and slovak mutually intelligible? The Croatians left Croatia and came to Italy from 1400-1500. In other words, Ukrainian speakers can often understand Russian, while Russian speaker doesn't understand Ukrainian, especially Russian speakers from outside Ukraine. It seems polish and bulgarian are the easiest for me to understand (save for bosnian, serbian, and crnogorski). And yes, comprehension has suffered since Czechoslovakia broke up, due to lack of exposure. More? Scots and English are considered mutually intelligible. Ukrainian is a lineal descendant of the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus (10th-13th century). For true MI testing, we want virgin ears, and it has to be both ways. Intelligibility of Germanic languages underestimated 1996 . Sets of similar languages are the result of shared origin, so knowing a little more about mutual intelligibility can help you understand their origin. I once had a conversation with a young woman from the Czech Republic. For example, Dutch speakers tend to find it easier to understand Afrikaans than vice versa as a result of Afrikaans' simplified grammar. Slovak students do not have to pass a language test at Czech universities. I can understand anyone who speaks English, even those who speak it as foreigners might say too fast. Go back to your kennel. Which Language is Easier: Polish vs. Russian [An Overview] Slobozhan Ukrainian speakers in this region find it easier to understand their Russian neighbors than the Upper DnistrianUkrainian spoken in the far west in the countryside around Lviv. http://ifaq.wap.org/society/voweldeployment.html. Method: It is important to note that the percentages are in general only for oral intelligibility and only in the case of a situation of a pure inherent intelligibility test. the interrogatives are much more similar (kda vs. koga when; kd~kud vs. kade where; to~kakv (second form is more characteristic of Bulgarian) vs. to what; koj/koja/koe/koi vs. koj/koja/koe/koi who/which/that (interr. Polish is spoken outside of Poland by Polish diaspora groups in countries like Ukraine, Belarus, Germany, Canada, and the United Kingdom. In Linguistics, this MI stuff is noncontroversial. KajkavianCroatian, spoken in northwest Croatia and similar to Slovenian, is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. Regarding Russian/Ukrainian mutual intelligebility: most people who lived in Ukraine during the Soviet era and return there today say that modern Ukrainian differs greatly from the one spoken during Soviet times. A Slovak from Bratislava can and does understand eastern Slovak dialects, he might have to tune his ear a bit, but I know because Ive talked to many members of my family about this and other Slovaks and they all say it sounds really stupid and a few words are different but they definantly understand. If, for example, one language is related to another but has simplified its grammar, the speakers of the original language may understand the simplified language, but less vice versa. demonstratives (tk~ovd vs. tuka~ovde, tamo vs. tamu) and some elementary adverbs (sg vs. sega now; jutre vs. utre tomorrow; dns(ke) ~ deneska today, fera vs. vera yesterday) are fairly similar; Ni Torlak uses multiple sets of demonstratives as its 3rd person pronouns (toj/ta/to/ti/te/ta, onj/on/on/on/on/on, ovj/ov/ov/ov/ov/ov, in descending order of frequency) as opposed to Serbians almost exclusive use of on/ona/ono/oni/one/ona and standard Macedonians use of toj/taa/toa/tie Im Slovenian, my mother tongue is Slovenian, however I have also learnt Serbo-Croatian from a very early age. Some comments on Ukrainian: Robert does look at these stories. However, Russian is only 74% mutually intelligible with spoken Belarusian and 50% mutually intelligible with spoken Ukrainian. Menu. Three different methods were used: a word translation task, a cloze test and a picture task. I am afraid you are not right because if you take Serbian dialects till Nis, then they are very mutually intelligible with Macedonian! The truth is that a person can often understand other dialects, except his native one. Macedonian has 65% oral and written intelligibility of Bulgarian. > Much of the claimed intelligibility was simply bilingual learning. I must admit that knowing English, German and French also helped me since Polish readily uses borrowings from these languages where Russian prefers Slavic words. Intelligibility is more than 90% = dialect, less than 90% = language. http://www.btinternet.com/~nlpwessex/Documents/sheikhmedia.htm Ukrainians needs to make small preparation to become able for listening comprehension of Polish. theres a macedonian TV program called Vo Centar, hosted by a macedoanian journalist who goes around the Balkans and interviews prominent names in politics etc. Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. between Ni Torlak and Macedonian than between either of those two and Serbian It is estimated that there is 89% lexical similarity with French, 87% similarity with Catalan (spoken in Southern Spain), 85% with Sardinian, 82% with Spanish, 78% with Ladin (spoken in Northern Italy) and 77% with Romanian. The Russian language doesn't have a sound for " ." Ukrainian is a mostly phonetic language. Maybe I could offer you somehow help? A lect called iarija Slovenian is spoken on the Istrian Peninsula in Slovenia just north of Croatia. Toj e oficialnijat ezik na Republika Balgarija i edin iz 23-te oficialni ezika na Evropejskija sajuz. Are Russian and Polish mutually intelligible? BULGARIAN: Balgarskijat ezik e naj-rannijat pismeno dokumentiran slavjanski ezik. Buzet is actually transitional between Slovenian and Kajkavian. Serbians and Bosnians not so such. Sign languages are independent of spoken languages and follow their own paths of development. While the two share a similar grammar system and some vocabulary words, . The reason that these languages seem to be mutually intelligible is because almost all Ukrainians are bilingual anyway, and capable of switching between the two at will. Bulgarian lexics does not seem to be familiar to Macedonians, what shows that Macedonian has been for too much time separated from the contact with Bulgarian which made Bulgarian unknown for Macedonian ear. ????? "A New Methodology for Romance Classification". December 2014. Cieszyn Silesian speakers strongly reject the notion that they speak the same language as Upper Silesians. Kajkavian differs from the other Slavic lects spoken in Croatia in that is has many Hungarian and German loans (Jembrigh 2014). I grew up as a Ukrainian speaker in North America. Classifications may also shift for reasons external to the languages themselves. Ukrainians seems closer to Slovak than Russian but some words in Russian are almost exactly the same in Slovak but in Ukranian they are completely different. A number of native speakers of various Slavic lects were interviewed about mutual intelligibility, language/dialect confusion, the state of their language, its history and so on. In contrast, there is often significant intelligibility between different Scandinavian languages, but as each of them has its own standard form, they are classified as separate languages. Czechs say Lach is a part of Czech, and Poles say Lach is a part of Polish. However, any suggestions that Kajkavian is a separate language are censored on Croatian TV (Jembrigh 2014). FluentU brings a language to life with real-world videos. Is Russian and Polish Mutually Intelligible? Sorry for my English, Im still learning itespecially right word order. True MI testing does try to find virgin ears that have heard little of the other language and speak little or none of it. Around 80% comprehension, it gets hard to talk about complex or technical things. I speak both Southern akavian and neotokavian. I admit that my prehistoric learning of Russian (1985-1990) made it easier for me to guess the meaning of words izpolzovana a saestvuvat (which have the same meaning in Russian), but I think that I could guess it even from the context. Then she talks about the cards in the bags, I again understand everything, but at 0:47, another stream of unintelligible sounds is starting. For instance, Portuguese and Spanish have a relatively high degree of mutual intelligibility, but theyre technically separate languages. Thats why in the Czechoslovak army the rule was: speak your own language, understand both. In Serbian word order is not that important like it is in English. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings. Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. The thesis that Bulgarian and Macedonian are the same language is not real in the practice. can take anywhere. It differs from the rest of Silesian in that it has undergone heavy Czech influence. Are ukrainian and russian mutually understandable? In 1933, reforms were forced that streamlined Ukrainian more in line with the Russian language. Written intelligibility was only calculated for a number of language pairs. However, lexical similarity focuses on exclusively overlapping vocabulary to determine similarity between languages. A more updated version of this paper with working hyperlinks can be found on Academia.edu here. When there, they have to pass a language test. Is Ukrainian Intelligible With Russian? - FAQS Clear Because mutual intelligibility comes in varying degrees, its hard to determine how much overlap there needs to be for something to be classified as such. If we consider that syntax/lexics is the heart of language, than Serbian and Macedonian are the same language. But, as the goal of the OP was to debunk the myth that says every slavic speaker can understand each other, he is quite right on that. Check out his page on the FBI 10 most wanted website. . Serbs/Croats used to live in the south Poland and they moved south to the current location. 70%? Croats say Macedonian is a complete mystery to them. The main Turkologist I worked with on that chapter told me that he thought 90% was a good metric. Macedonian and Bulgarian would be much closer together except that in recent years, Macedonian has been heavily influenced by Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian has been heavily influenced by Russian. (j/k) Polish is the most incomprehensible Slavic language for other Slavs, both spoken and written. There can be huge differences between spoken/written forms of a Slavic language, because the written form may have a very similar vocabulary, phonology and grammar, but due to a different, strong stress, you wont understand almost anything. There is an old Kajkavian-Chakavian dialect continuum of which little remains, although some of the old Kajkavian-Chakavian transitional dialects are still spoken (Jembrigh 2014). But thats politics for you. I work with Russians (dro. A question: how is it decided that the cut-off between a language and dialect is 90% MI? When we do intelligiblity studies, we look for virgin ears or people who have not heard the other language much or at all. But the end of the sentence clarified these words. Score: 4.1/5 (68 votes) . Later I found out that Slovenian and Bulgarian/Macedonian are all south Slavic languages while Serbian language is actually a western Slavic language like Slovak/Czech/Polish. Mutually Intelligible And Different. Also what is a dialect and what is a language? becomes confusing for me since I can say a sentence in Kai/Cha thats almost the same in Slovene but different in BSCM standards. It is sometimes used as an important criterion for distinguishing languages from dialects, although sociolinguistic factors are often also used. Lach is a Czech-Polish transitional lect with a close relationship with Cieszyn Silesian. But still Slovene and Dalmatian akavian speaker can talk if they stick to old slavic part of their respective languages. So give these mutually intelligible languages a second look. What Are Mutually Intelligible Languages? Their mutual intelligibility varies greatly, between the dialects themselves, with Shtokavian, and with other languages. Other Western Slovak speakers (Bratislava) say that Eastern Slovak (Kosice) is hard to understand. Northern (Istrian and Kvarner) akavian is closer to kajkavian and Slovene then Southern akavian is ( I understand 95%+ n). So you are a speaker of Southern Chakavian, right? How mutually intelligible are Slavic languages? : r/linguistics - reddit You get 0%. the copula is mostly the same (sm/si/e/smo/ste/su vs. sum/si/e/sme/ste/se) Slobozhan Russian can also be called Kuban Russian or Balachka. Basically, you only hear a series of consonants with hardly recognizable vowels. Bolgarian 30 % spoken, 50 % written Tunisian Arabic is also considered mutually intelligible with Maltese, particularly with regards to idiomatic expressions. Subtitles are absurd when 99% of the audience can already understand whats going on. Regular speech is generally quite fast. Then tokavian person reaction would be: What? Also, I can only understand a small bit of Russian, and Ukrainian is even more far off for me(the pronunciation is easier but understanding is harder) and I can understand quite a bit of bulgarian(especially when written). Mutual intelligibility - Wikipedia Only Croatians try so hard to press differences. You can pick out the common words like Voda (water), Hleb (bread), zima (cold) and so forth but it is tough to get the jist of what they are saying with out more immersion. Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family. Similar things are also valid for Ukraine and Belarus, both of which were parts of the Soviet Union, where Russian was the dominant official language.
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