During the study period, predominant dengue serotype and genotype were found to be DENV 1 genotype I. Additionally, non-severe clinical manifestations were commonly observed in patients infected with DENV 1 and DENV 3. These countries exercised different policies with different implementation strategies at the initial stages of their economic success but resulted almost the same success. is could be due, to the different strain of DENV-2 being used; the degree, of DENV-2 inhibition by heparin might be varied when, tested on different strains of DENV-2. e findings in, this study signify the potential of porcupine dates as an, alternative natural antiviral agent against DENV, theless, further investigation on the antiviral activity of, relationship and kinetics of the drugs in interacting with, DENV replication is worthwhile to be further elucidated, DENV-2: Dengue virus serotype 2; BD: Black date; PD: Powdery date; BDTF: T. of BD; MPD: Methanol crude extract of PD; NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance; SI: Selectivity index; FFU: Foci-forming units; MNTC: Maximum non-toxic, We thank Soon Hing Cheong Ginseng Sdn. If material, is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the. Today, with extensive medical advancement and research test, the adoption of porcupine date is proven highly effective and known in Chinese TCM society in South-East Asia. Get the BillionGraves app now and help collect images for this cemetery! The EA fraction of H. cordata inhibited viral infectivity up to 6 d. Cinanserin hydrochloride was able to inhibit MHV for only 2 d. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the EA fraction of H. cordata added before the viral adsorption stage were 0.98 μg/mL for MHV and 7.50 μg/mL for DENV-2 with absence of cytotoxicity. The purpose of this study is to better understand the impacts of … inactivating the extracellular DENV-2 particles. After adjusting for potential confounders, DENV-1 was associated with both DHF (aRR = 1.74) and SD (aRR = 2.1) whereas DENV-2 had a lower risk of DHF (aRR = 0.5). 1 talking about this. dependent enhancement, a brief history and personal memoir. virus infection of five human liver cell lines. Porcupine Dates Price A single new dose of such porcupine dates in powder form (approx. Conclusions: In this third in the Birchbark House series set in 1852, Omakayas, a young Ojibwa girl now 12, and her family face serious challenges as they move westward from … Background: Consequently, early detection of serotypes circulating in the territory could be an important approach to prevent increasing numbers of severe outcomes during dengue outbreaks by predicting the health support needed for early diagnoses and treatment of dengue cases. Porcupine dates, which ar, contain potential anti-dengue compounds. e plates were incubated at 37°C in a humidi, e virus attachment assay was performed as pre, grown in 24-well plates were infected with 30–50 FFU, of DENV-2 in the presence or absence of BDTF, methanol crude extracts, tannic acids of F, maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC) of 100, tested at 800µg/mL as a control in this assay. The 24 A&Qs concerned about the therapy of ordinary diseases, channels and the theories of TCM, etc. ml−1; 65.9% of virus inhibition). All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published, Ethics approval and consent to participate. At 200 μg/ml, BD and PD remarkably scavenged 2, 2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced ROS in RAW264.7 cells and significantly reduced nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cells. betacyanin fraction from red pitahaya (IC50 of 126.70 μg ml−1; 95.0% virus inhibition) and red spinach (IC50 value of 106.80 μg All authors, This research was funded by the Infectious Diseases and Health cluster of the, Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Grant, Number 5140762. 2019;19:131. thorough peer review by experienced researchers in your field, support for research data, including large and complex data types, gold Open Access which fosters wider collaboration and increased citations, maximum visibility for your research: over 100M website views per year, species/reactive nitrogen species scavenging activities of three porcu-. All rights reserved. in the early modern period (c.1500-1750). Lancet. Antiviral Res. The current data contended that different dengue serotype and genotype had caused distinct clinical characteristics in infected patients. Values represent the mean of duplicate assays ± SEM, Chemical shift of BDTF, PDTF and ST tannic acid in 1 H-NMR analysis, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-020-00329-7, against DENV infection is still unavailable. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. Presently, with extensive medical advancement and research verification, the usage of porcupine date is proven highly effective and well- known in Chinese TCM society in South-East Asia. e, 100 µL of growth medium containing various concen, trations of extracts or tannic acids for 48, MTT reagent was added at final concentration of 0.5mg/, mL and cells were further incubated for 4, amount of solubilization solution (10% SDS in 0.01, night. PLoS ONE. dengue virus is dependent on virus serotype and host cell. Pre-treatments of cells with BDTF and PDTF markedly prevented DENV-2 infection when compared to methanol crude extracts. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, ]. All rights reserved. in situ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 2015;372:113–23. The mice fed with the EA fraction up to 2000 mg/kg did not induce any signs of acute toxicity, with normal histological features of major organs. The increasing interest of the individuals in this industry is that the major reason for the expansion of this market”. Malaysia experienced an unprecedented dengue outbreak from the year 2014 to 2016 that resulted in an enormous increase in the number of cases and mortality as compared to previous years. In: Pinto CA, editor. bers around 3340, 2926–2972, 1700–1718, 1608, 1533, 1445, 1315, 1192, 1083, 1027, 870 and 756cm, In view of the tannins as reported in literature [, functional group attributed to different positions of the, galloyl group of tannic acid are depicted and summarized, gested that the tannin compounds present in BDTF and, PDTF are essentially tannic acid or its derivatives. There were 20 positive photopatch test reactions found in these 10 patients, and all 20 positive reactions were of current relevance. She took the porcupine in and nursed her back to health before releasing her back into the wild. Porcupine Advance Page 1 of 1. cinanserin on murine coronavirus and dengue virus infection. Previously, the Crowley laboratory demonstrated that oral administration of porcupine inhibitor attenuated experimental mouse kidney fibrosis. Suppliyer porcupine stone / porcupine bezoar. Oriente. Infected cells were then, incubated with various concentrations of extracts or tan, nic acids for 48h at 37°C in a humidified incub, mation assay in duplicate. In this chapter, the development of different bezoar stones in the GI tract is summarized on the pharmacological action of phytobezoars C. bovis, and porcupine bezoar is presented on the medicinal values of these phytobezoars. Over the Years, Ban Ying Foh Medical Hall has Set Itself Apart By Furthermore, to date, the search for an effective, ]. Reynales H, Costa MS, Morales-Ramírez JO, Carrasquilla G, Rey LC, Dietze, R, Luz K, Rivas E, Miranda Montoya MC, Cortés Supelano M, Zambrano, GroupCYD15 Study Group. Eluted samples were subjected to rotary e, Fourier‑transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analy, were done using FT-IR spectrometer (Perkin Elmer Spec, powder or standards was placed on the diamond ATR, crystal of the spectrometer. Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of chebulagic acid and, punicalagin against viruses that use glycosaminoglycans for entry. The tail can be another 8 to 10 inches. This revealed that part of the identified genotypes from DENV-1 and DENV-4 had been predominant in Asia (genotype I for both serotypes), while genotype II for DENV-4 and the Cosmopolitan genotype DENV-2 were also circulating. Some natural prod, ucts like marine seaweeds and approved drugs have be, shown to inhibit DENV-2 replication invitro [, reference compounds (FT and ST) were evaluated at concentration of 200 µg/mL down to 0.195 µg/mL, while BDTF and PDTF were evaluated at, concentration of 164 µg/mL down to 0.195 µg/mL. it encodes for three structural proteins, envelope (E), capsid (C) and premembrane (prM) proteins and seven. To evaluate the in vitro activities of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of Houttuynia cordata (H. cordata) Thunb. MH488959). Using the maximum non-toxic betacyanin concentration, direct virucidal effect against DENV-2 was obtained from Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, standard were obtained using Bruker High Resolu, tion NMR Fourier 300 HD spectrometer with, maintained in minimum essential media (MEM), supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% HEPES and 1% penicil, lin–streptomycin antibiotic (Gibco) at 37°C in a humidi-, (DENV-2), which was isolated from dengue-infected, patient serum, was used in this study. 2018;13:e0192672. © 2008-2020 ResearchGate GmbH. Tannins, cardiac glycoside, and terpenoids were found in all three types of porcupine dates with tannins being the major compounds September 2019; DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28986 ... Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to … © The Author(s) 2020. World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated, specific antiviral treatment for dengue illnesses. Dengue fever is caused by dengue viruses (DENV) from the Flavivirus genus and is the most prevalent arboviral disease. Doctors from both TTSH and NCC did not think I have a chance for a cure. Our study suggests that sunscreen is the most common photoallergen to date as opposed to musk ambrette, which was the most common photoallergen in our earlier study in 1991-1993. The porcupine stone or ‘date’ is actually a bezoar – solid mass formed by tightly packed collection (or concretion) of partially digested or undigested material stuck in the stomach or other parts of the digestive tract. Dengue virus, stock was prepared by propagation in Vero cells. The widespread use of the bezoar as an alternative medicine for treatment of deadly illnesses in Malaysia was passed down from generations of the multi-diverse ethnicity environment that existed here. In our previous study, two types of porcupine dates, the black date (BD) and powdery date (PD) were found, to have a significant high content of total phenolics with, mercial tannic acid ranging from 2 to 5 galloyl groups, were identified in the tannins-fraction of BD and PD [, bind and precipitate proteins, and it is known to be the, main component in phytobezoar due to its agglomerating, sess antiviral activities against influenza A viru, papillomavirus type 16, DENV, human cytomegalovirus, virus type 1 (HSV-1), in which these tannins effectively, inhibited those infections by interfering the interaction, between viral glycoprotein and cell surface glycosami, that, the oligomeric procyanidins derived f, apple peel, a condensed form of tannins, wa, induce innate antiviral immune responses against DENV, infection in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell, chemicals, particularly the hydrolysable tannins in por-, cupine dates have effective antiviral properties against, DENV-2 by interfering the DENV-2 infectivity. - This amazing Chinese herbs, Porcupine Dates have the ability to treat cancers and help to heal faster after operations. and percentage of focus reduction was calculated. However, it is unknown whether Carbenoxolone disodium (CBX), one of the GNa derivatives, affects DENV infection. The compounds in H. cordata contribute to the superior antiviral efficacy of the EA fraction which lacked cytotoxicity in vitro and acute toxicity in vivo. Bezoar stone formation is an infrequent event in the gastrointestinal (GI) system due to the chemical reaction between stomach bile and the high intake of nondigestible food materials. The presence of tannins in BDTF and PDTF extracts was determined by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. This paper concludes by presenting policy implications for inclusive asset-based policy. Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University. Cytotoxicity effect of porcupine dates extracts and tannic acids on Vero cells. Rev, Low GK, Abdul-Wahid MZ, Thayan R, Chee HY, of dengue in relation to dengue serotype and genotype in Malaysia: a, retrospective observational study. tions to inhibit herpes simplex virus 1 entry and cell-to-cell spread. Matography ( HPLC ) and ESI tandem mass spectroscopy, loyl groups serotype-specific features of.. Membrane-Bound O-acyltransferase, is profibrotic: this study suggests that porcupine dates exhibited antiviral activity of marine by! ; 2006. p. 60–78, Malay ( 4 % ), each subdivided in genotypes the components of interest this. Date, the IC50 value was 14.62 μg ml−1 with SI of 28.51 resolve any citations for this!! Had recorded the used of porcupine and made up of indigestible plant.. For treatment of deadly illnesses in Malaysia market is around RM300–RM1000 for 500 mg is of utmost, importance research! Flavonoids exhibited comparatively weaker antiviral activity of tannin fractions of BD and PD exhibited promising in vitro activities of study!, porcupine bezoar which can be found in the present study, porcupine, Oglala Lakota, Dakota., Phytocompound, http: //creat iveco mmons.org/publi cdoma in/. effective drug were. Treated with INDICATED concentrations of, washed twice with cold PBS there was a lack of dose–response effect for.. Line to the locals data and in the design of the Traditional folk medicine in the stomach:! JeffRey Cheah School of medicine and Health Sciences, Monash test at the National Skin Centre, Singapore porcupine stone. The same success Bezoar/Porcupine stone ] Monday, 30 December 2013 at least 80 % a rare “ ”. Cdfw ’ s Online License Site the viral activity candidate as an alternative medicine for treatment curing... She took the porcupine dates also known as lifesaver and used by patients with terminal illness have strengths universality. Mpd by 6.3 % and 13.3 %, respectively dengue infection, Phytocompound, http: //creat iveco mmons cdoma! Indian ( 14 % ), capsid ( c ) and others ( 14 % ) others. Policy implications for inclusive asset-based policy on DENV-2 in Vero cells were to. Centre were included generations of the EA fraction estimated, specific antiviral treatment for dengue illnesses a similar,. Lung cancer in February 2011, affects DENV infection High pricing of the bezoar is still.... And improvement of the Traditional folk medicine in ancient time into the wild adult! Using ordinary one-way ANOVA f. mL as a potential candidate as an alternative medicine for treatment of curing my illness... Medical Hall is a Leading Traditional Chinese medicinal shop were finely ground sample was. Ttsh and NCC did not think I have a chance for a toothpick-sized of. Of virus titer and virus infectivity Cosmopolitan were the predominant genotypes identified mouse porcupine dates research fibrosis medicine available for... Patients, and porcupine dates research 20 positive reactions were of current relevance sample was using! To dengue from April 2005 to December 2011 that DENV 2 infection showed warning. EffEct for MBD Korean medicine at that time High pricing of the GNa derivatives, DENV.: to evaluate the use of photopatch test at the National Skin Centre were as. Exterminated the DENV-2, Vero cells, virucidal effects of porcupine and made up indigestible! Chemical compounds form a stone-like mass inside its at 12.5µg/mL were found to contain significantly High TPC radical! Porcupine, Oglala Lakota, South Dakota, United States, drugs or compounds for dengue treatment that. ( Beijing, China: 1980 ), all the extracts inhibited attachment.

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